| Popis: |
Air transport, as the youngest and safest mode of transport, is subject to environmental impact assessment. The main environmental criteria related to air transport are aircraft noise, aircraft engine emissions, waste material management, CO2 emissions, and soil and water pollution at airports. Environmental noise is unwanted or harmful to human health and the environment and it refers to outside sound in outdoor spaces caused by human activity. The problem of air traffic noise requires coordinated action at the global level. Historically, there have been two views on this issue: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) initiative, and the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAR) and European regulators. At the level of the European Union, noise has been considered an environmental problem since 1973, when the first Environmental Action Programme was adopted. The adoption of various documents continued until 2014, when Regulation No 598/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC was adopted. As the environmental problem is a global problem, uniform application of standards and regulations is of utmost importance. The noise protection and management systems are divided between operators and airports. The paper analyses the most important documents related to air traffic noise regulation. It also presents, comments on, and compares measures and procedures to reduce air traffic noise that include technical and technological measures to reduce aircraft noise as well as operational procedures and restrictions. |
