| Popis: |
For ancient rhetors and rhetoricians, spoken discourse was infinitely more powerful and persuasive than was written composition, thus ancients were very concerned about how speeches ought to be delivered: the proper management of the voice, bodily movement, and gestures. According to Rhetorica Ad Herennium author, in order to consider the listener's "ear, " composers and practitioners of oral discourse need to pay attention to all aspects of verbal delivery, especially volume, tone, pace, and length. Today, due to technological development and media growth contemporary rhetoric becomes, what we can call, multimodal so nonverbal features such as images or sounds become important part of persuasion process beyond delivery. They can have argumentative relevance and influence argument interpretation and reconstruction. This talk will focus on the importance of sound, especially human sound (i.e. prosodic features of spoken language) in an argumentative discourse. It will offer possible tools for reconstruction of the auditory arguments, starting from a well-known Toulmin model but also offer new approaches specially designed for multimodal argumentative discourse i.e. the ART model developed by Groarke (2020) for depicting visual arguments. Acknowledging the argumentative relevance of visuals and sounds is only the first step. However, reconstructing them, interpreting and assessing it is more difficult part. This is especially true for prosodic features because of their inseparable bond with verbal message. Yet, partly by borrowing tools from verbal argumentation and partly by modifying and creating new tools, we can expand the realm of rhetoric to include nonverbal aspects of persuasion. This talk will concentrate on prosodic features and demonstrate how they can be important for the strength of an argument but also how, in specific cases, how they can be essential for understanding, interpreting and reconstructing the argument. |
