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In the 21st century the most daring challenge for petroleum companies will be meeting society’ s increasing energy demand in compliance with high environmental standards. Today the high share of responsibility for adverse environmental impact due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions lies on industry and energy sector. Petroleum industry is GHG emissions intensive industry. Beside direct CO2 and CH4 emissions during hydrocarbons production, petroleum industry is also characterized with high- energy intensity and final products of high emission potentials. Principles of environmental protection became embedded in petroleum industry activities for more than half of a century. Environmental management techniques have been successfully integrated into all segments of petroleum upstream operational procedures and activities, from exploration work, through drilling operations, field development, production of oil or natural gas and ending by field abatement. In 1996 the Republic of Croatia ratified UNFCCC which was followed by ratification of several other international settlements that will affect national energy system, among which the most important is the Kyoto Protocol. INA Inc. is the Croatian national petroleum company. Among INA’ s capacities the biggest GHG emitters are gas- condensate field Molve and oil refineries in Rijeka and Sisak. The Molve field has extremely unfavorable reservoir conditions with high pressure, high temperature and significant share of CO2 and other adverse gases. Besides facing the same problems as other national petroleum industries due to new high ecological standards, Croatian petroleum industry is also faced with increasing international directives for adoption of international environmental regulations. Since Croatian petroleum industry will significantly be affected by greenhouse gases emission stabilization, INA started to take steps towards limiting greenhouse gas emissions from its own operations through the development and implementation of cleaner and energy efficient technologies. In this paper these new technologies for efficient GHG management in Croatian petroleum industry will be described. |
