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students with cochlear implants. EXAMINEE SAMPLE - The survey was carried out on 9 hearing impaired examinees diagnosed anacusis, with cochlear implants. The average chronological age of examinees is 13.2 years. The control sample consists of 7 students of age equal to the age of experimental sample and of normal hearing and speech status. TIME AND PLACE OF EXAMINATION – The examination has been in writing and carried out in one of the Zagreb elementary schools where hearing impaired examinees are integrated and in one of the Zagreb regular schools. It has been done during 2011. MEASURING INSTRUMENT - Lexical knowledge has been examined by series of examination tests. Examination tests are arranged in sets of 10 tests in each set. Examination test series has 20 questions in total. METHOD OF ANALYSIS - Results analysis from the area of language development testing of hearing impaired examinees has been carried out at the level of descriptive statistics. The differences between the groups of examinees in relation to some variables have been identified by the one-way analysis of variance. GOAL OF RESEARCH - We wanted to examine the acquisition of language denotation of time and place adverbs in hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants. HYPOTHESIS Following the goals defined by research we started from the hypothesis: H1 – There is statistically significant difference in acquisition of time adverbs between hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and normal hearing examinees H2 – There is statistically significant difference in acquisition of place adverbs between hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and normal hearing examinees Results 1. The results of robust discrimination analysis show that there is statistically significant difference in acquisition of time adverbs between hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and normal hearing examinees. In regard to obtained results we accept the H1 hypotheses. Discrimination functions Arithmetic mean Standard deviations F Significance p Examinees with cochlear implants Hearing examinees Examinees with cochlear implants Hearing examinees 7.76 .014 1 -.50 .65 1.42 .00 Graph 1. Relative frequency responses H1- Acquisition of time adverbs – relation of results in students with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and hearing examinees Hearing impaired students with cochlear implants Control group • For variables V8 and V10 the hearing impaired examinees show significantly worse results than the hearing ones. - V8 – Before going to my dentist, I must wash my teeth. - V10 - As soon as the sun rises, it will be hot. Selection and insertion of time adverbs BEFORE and AS SOON AS in the complex sentence in inversion have been a problem for 22, 2% of students with cochlear implants. 2. The results of robust discrimination analysis show that there is statistically significant difference in acquisition of place adverbs between hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and normal hearing examinees. In regard to obtained results we accept the H2 hypotheses. Discrimination functions Arithmetic mean Standard deviations F Significance p Examinees with cochlear implants Hearing examinees Examinees with cochlear implants Hearing examinees 4.74 .045 1 -.50 .65 2.29 .00 Graph 2. Relative frequency responses H2- Acquisition of place adverbs – relation of results in students with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools and hearing examinees Hearing impaired students with cochlear implants Control group • For variables M3 and M4 the hearing impaired examinees with cochlear implants integrated into regular schools show significantly worse results than the hearing ones. - M3 – My father lived there when he was ten. - M4 – I always sit in front. Selection and insertion of place adverbs THERE and IN FRONT have been a problem for 22, 2% of students with cochlear implants. CONCLUSION The comprehension of time and place adverbs with their concrete and general characteristics significantly influences the functioning of speech, language and speech- language thought. The examinees with cochlear implants show that they know how to use time and place adverbs, but that they have difficulties when adverbs are placed in complex sentences in inversion and when they are not defined by concrete characteristics. |
