| Popis: |
Around 15 years ago, the map for a better understanding of who we are and what makes humans function the way we do was published and made publicly available. The final results of the Human Genome Project revealed details of our genome which is basically a human blueprint: a set of information about how humans look, how we act, feel, think, and develop. Soon after, other round- the-world collaborations, such as the HapMap project, and the 1000 Genome Project, were conducted. Although the main focuses were variability in human populations, and possible connections of certain variations to different conditions and diseases, those projects also had a great impact on the understanding of the genetic influence on sports performance. In parallel, the knowledge gained allowed the development of improved methods for gene analysis (e.g. next generation sequencing technology), as well as an improvement of gene editing tools (zinc finger nucleases, ZFNs ; transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALENs ; and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9, CRISPR/Cas9, protocols). As a result, today it is possible to detect gene candidates responsible for different performance phenotypes, and furthermore, to develop “gene therapies” for performance enhancement in athletes. This review aims to cover recent developments in the field of genetics and give a basic overview of candidate genes that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance. |
