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Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder that greatly affects a patient’s day-to-day functioning and is characterised by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Current mania treatments do not show efficacy for all patients, increasing the need for targeted therapeutic development. The drug development process includes its assessment using applicable animal models, which are sparse for mania in bipolar disorder. An ideal mouse model of mania should fulfil the three validity criteria, as well as display specific endophenotypes comparable to those in human patients. In the thesis, I reviewed some suggested mice models of mania in bipolar disorder, which are either a result of genetic manipulations or induced by drug administration. Single genetic manipulations focused on genes related to the circadian rhythm and dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic systems resulted in mice models such as the Clock Δ19 and DAT knockdown mutant mice, which show a limited number of symptoms, predominantly locomotor hyperactivity. In comparison, an amphetamine-induced mouse model of mania showed limited results, suggesting that genetic models are more appropriate. The complex symptomatology of mania has yet to be fully reflected successfully in mouse models, which are mostly based on simple behavioural abnormalities. Regardless, the mutual comparison and assessment of known models allows the establishment of future directions in mouse model of mania development. Highlighting the use of multivariate approaches such as genetic information from human studies, extensive behavioural testing, and objective quantification of behaviours with cross-species paradigms will enable further advancement towards an ideal model of mania. |
