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Onycholysis is a nail disorder characterized by a spontaneous separation of the nail plate. Its starts at the distal free margin and progresses proximally. Less often, nail plate separation may begin at the proximal nail and extend to the free edge. Another possibility is separated the nail plate from underlying and/or lateral supporting structures. The nail plate requires 5-6 months in order to regenerate and therefore it is vulnerable to daily insults. The housewife is very susceptible ; particularly at risk are the first three fingers of the dominant hand. Nails are smooth, firm and discoloration underneath the nail may occur as a result of secondary infection. Exogenous factors, which caused damage, are trauma, repetitive minor trauma, or maceration. Chemical factors caused allergic contact dermatitis or irritant contact dermatitis. The most often chemical factors are nail cosmetics, gasoline, paint removers, detergents, alkalis, various solvents, sugar solutions and especially by hot water with hydration-dehydration effects. The results are fragile, brittle and soft nails. Treatment for onycholysis depends on its cause. Eliminating the predisposing cause is the best treatment. Patients should avoid trauma to the affected nail, exposure to contact irritants and moisture. |
