| Popis: |
A wide range of closed surface depressions, a well-developed underground drainage system, and strong interaction between circulation of surface water and groundwater typify karst. Due to very high infiltration rates, especially in bare karst, overland and surface flow is rare in comparison with non-karst terrains. In karst terrains groundwater and surface water constitute a single dynamic system. Conditions for water circulation and storage in karstified medium are strongly dependent on space and time scales being considered, especially in the deep and morphologically complex vadose zone. This zone and underlying phreatic karst aquifer are two-component system in which the major part of storage is in the form of true groundwater in narrow fissures and matrix, where diffuse or laminar flow prevails. The majority of the water is transmitted through the karst underground by quick or turbulent flow in conduits. The interaction between these two types of flow is significant and permanent, and strongly depends of prevailing hydrological situations. |
