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Throughout history, states have controlled economic and social activities in various ways. Initially, command and control orders were used, but the state has recently relied on market incentives. Increased regulation during the coro- navirus pandemic is inevitable. The effects of regulation can bring gains and losses to individual actors. Research has shown that excessive economic regu- lation results in loss of efficiency and large amounts of redistributed income. Many researchers also believe that regulation creates a monopoly force rather than restraining it. In times of great plagues, the question arises: What is the relationship between the value of human life and economic activities in a par- ticular society of a historical period? These topics are examined through the analysis of cases of major epidemics that have changed the social and economic paradigm ; Athenian plague of 430 BC, medieval Black Death, and COVID 19 pandemic, with particular reference to mortality, loss of working-age popu- lation, their impact on the economy, and the adoption of some post-epidemicregulations, which must consider broader institutional changes, as well as new living conditions, gave the new economic circumstances |
