| Popis: |
In introduction, the general picture of Venetian influence on urbanization and architectural formation of urban centres under its rule is outlined. Within it, the cases of Dalmatian towns such as Koručula, Pag and even Dubrovnik are mentioned. Among the Istrian examples, the characteristic elements of the cases of Kopar, Muggia, Pula, Vodnjan, Motovun, Savčenta and Buzet are elaborated on. The role of Koper in transfer of Venetian models of urban formation is especially emphasized. Among the Quarnaro islands, as the historical space of Northern Dalmatia, the specific cases of Osor, Cres, Rab and Krk are introduced in this discussion. The “Venetianisation” of towns is primarily visible in the mode of shaping of the public architecture, fortifications, cisterns and inns for merchants (fondaco), as well as clocktowers and administrative centres. Moreover, this Venetian influence is also evident in shaping of and impostation of decorative architectural sculpture that is often imitating Antique models. The architectural realisations that are stylistically inherent to Venice are emphasized, whether it be Venetian late gothic or Venetian early Renaissance style. The written sources of the late medieval period, as well as the early modern period like the Chronicle of Antonio Vinciquerra, along with the epigraphic monuments, have promoted and emphasized the freedom of bright and wise Venetian government as opposed to the tyranny of others. Seemingly surprising, the lesser-known case of the medieval heritage of Senj has been added to the analysis, which is the town that was not under the Venetian rule, but with preserved architectural monuments that are possible to closely relate to the Venetian sphere of influence. The problems of the research of medieval heritage of Senj are also taken into account, spanning from the Habsburg militarization in early modern period to serious devastation in The Second World War, ending with radical and not quite exact restoration campaigns that followed. The circumstances of strong Venetian mercantile presence during the central and late Middle Ages are interpreted. In the case of the cathedral in Senj, a special emphasis was put on the execution of the communal loggia. It is noted that on its existing architecture, even before the conservation campaigns and despite later additions, it is easy to recognize the purely Venetian typology. This not only includes the use of brick for construction but also the characteristic forms of monofora windows, capitals and bases of columns. They all can be ascribed to the Venetian 14th century. Without a doubt, this is clearly the building that is mentioned in the 27th chapter of the Statute of Senj in 1388 in the formulation sub logia Campusij. The areas of floors and basement point to the concept of a Venetian merchant’s inn (fondaco) with a storage space. The origin of the name campusium is also discussed, which probably came from area of town called – campo, and not from the building itself. Still not researched properly, the house located next to the loggia with late Gothic trifora window reminding of the ones made in 15th century Rab by Andrija Aleši (Andrea Alessi) could have been the town hall. The question remains whether the characteristic loggia located very near the dock prompted the development of bicentricity, i. e. formation of the secular square contrasting the one in front of the cathedral. Did the medieval commune of Senj develop the significant part of its urban identity under Venetian influence as well? |
