Incidence, risk factors and therapy response of acute graft-versus-host disease after myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide

Autor: Asensi Cantó, P., Gómez-Seguí, I., Montoro, J., Villalba Montaner, M., Chorão, P., Solves Alcaína, P., Santiago Balsera, M., Lloret Madrid, P., Solís Ruiz, J., Sopeña Pell-Ilderton, C., Martínez Campuzano, D., Granados Serrano, P., Eiris del Río, J., Louro, A., Rebollar, P., Perla, A., Benavente, R., De la Rubia Comos, J., Sanz, M. A., Balaguer, A., Sanz, J.
Zdroj: Bone Marrow Transplantation; November 2024, Vol. 59 Issue: 11 p1577-1584, 8p
Abstrakt: Posttransplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (PTCy/siro/MMF) constitutes an innovative and well-tolerated acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but risk factors for aGVHD incidence and therapy failure in this setting are scarce. This study prospectively registered all consecutive adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received a myeloablative allo-HSCT using PTCy/siro/MMF prophylaxis at our institution between 2017 and 2023. A total of 385 patients were included, of whom 44%, 34% and 22% were transplanted from matched sibiling, matched unrelated and haploidentical donors, respectively. The 180-day cumulative incidence of aGVHD was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17–25%) for grade II–IV and 11% (95% CI 8–14%) grade III–IV aGVHD. The use of haploidentical donors was associated with an increased risk of severe aGVHD. Among 75 patients receiving first-line systemic corticosteroids, 49% achieved a sustained complete response, while 23% and 24% developed steroid-dependent (SD-aGVHD) and steroid-refractory aGVHD (SR-aGVHD), respectively. SR-aGVHD was associated with worse salvage treatment response and overall survival compared to SD-aGVHD. The 1-year cumulative incidence of aGVHD-related mortality was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.3–8.1). Risk factors for aGVHD-related mortality included haploidentical donors, older donors, diagnosis of myeldysplastic neoplasms, and grade IV aGVHD. This study confirms a low incidence aGVHD with PTCy/siro/MMF prophylaxis. SR-aGVHD showed poorer response to salvage therapies and worse survival, while haploidentical donors and older donor age were negative predictors for aGVHD-related deaths.
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