| Autor: |
Bradford, Emma L., Gregory, Casey L., Roman Longoria, Arturo, Jones, Korin Rex, Bueren, Emma K., Haak, David C., Fell, Richard, Belden, Lisa K. |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of Apicultural Research; March 2024, Vol. 63 Issue: 2 p267-278, 12p |
| Abstrakt: |
AbstractNosema ceranaeand Nosema apisare microsporidian parasites that cause disease in the European honey bee. Nosemainfection is identified as a potential cause of colony loss by beekeepers. Given the importance of Nosemainfection in colony mortality and productivity, developing new and improved ways of detecting and quantifying infection loads is vital. We designed and tested a new duplex qPCR assay for the accurate quantification of both N. ceranaeand N. apisutilising TaqMan chemistry and the new gBlock®method for the standards. The assay showed good linearity with natural Nosemainfection, and a strong correlation with microscopic spore counts. This new assay has high sensitivity and repeatability and was used to investigate Nosemainfection in hive surveys and following low dose experimental exposure. In local hives, we found relativity low levels of N. ceranaeand very little N. apisacross three sites in Blacksburg, VA. A survey of two bee yards in West Virginia showed much higher levels of N. ceranae,but consistent low levels of N. apis. For the experiment, caged bees from two different hives were fed 100 Nosemaspores (or a control solution). Exposed bees were collected after two or five days, and infection was quantified using the new assay. Given the low dose, infection levels were not 100%, with some exposed bees remaining N. ceranaefree, while others only developed low level infection. This low dose exposure and subsequent infection status (low level infection or infection free) could provide a new understanding of Nosemainfection establishment. |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
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