| Autor: |
Paköz, Uğur, Ceyhan, Adil Gürkan, Aktepe, Suat, Cruden, Natasha, Patey, Ian, McLaughlin, Ryan |
| Zdroj: |
Geoenergy Science and Engineering; 20230101, Issue: Preprints |
| Abstrakt: |
A comprehensive experimental formation damage study for the Sakarya Field was conducted to identify production impairment mechanisms induced by operational fluids. The study reveals that the retention of operational fluids leads to irreversible reductions in gas permeability to a certain degree. This fluid retention is associated with the amount of loss and retention time of operational fluids into the reservoir, as well as the types of clays present in the gas bearing zone. Fluid retention damage is more severe for samples with lower permeability and higher silt content. While sandy plugs typically experience a reduction in permeability of less than 10%, low-permeability silty samples can exhibit reductions as high as 35%. The most effective approach to minimize this damage includes maintaining the lowest possible overbalance pressure, applying completion methodologies with minimal fluid invasion, and ensuring timely and effective cleanup. Another source of damage appears to result from acidic dissolution of native carbonate minerals and destabilization of delicate clays (e.g., chlorite). This leads to slight compaction and associated immediate reduction in permeability, reaching as high as 50% when combined with other operational fluid damage in some cases. In such environments, it is recommended to use a milder alternative acid solution that specifically targets the filter cake and debris around perforations, minimizing the dissolution of native carbonate minerals and interaction with clays. Due to the low uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the formation, evidence of sanding and proppant embedment was observed. To mitigate this issue, an optimum gravel pack design and execution during well completion is vital. Additionally, avoiding abrupt bean-up and bean-down during well tests and production will help limit sanding and proppant embedment. The novel experimental methodology and field implications derived from this study may serve as a guideline to solve formation damage challenges in similar fields facing similar issues. Initiating such detailed studies in the early stages of field development is critical to ensure maximum recovery from the least damaged and disturbed reservoirs. |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
