| Abstrakt: |
This narrative review investigates racial and ethnic inequities in children with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on neuropsychological outcomes using a bio-psycho-sociocultural approach. We conducted literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science and analyzed public-use data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from the start of the pandemic to March 17, 2023. Public-use data from the CDC were analyzed to establish inequities in pediatric COVID-19 cases. Results indicate that children marginalized by race and ethnicity are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Our findings show that racial and ethnic inequities in children with a history of COVID-19 can be effectively examined using a bio-psycho-sociocultural conceptual model. While biological and psychological factors contribute to illness severity and stress responses, sociocultural factors, such as discrimination, systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, and medical mistrust, exacerbate these inequities. Positive sociocultural factors highlighted the importance of language, proper nutrition, school support for diverse cultures, and open family discussions in fostering resilience and well-being among children from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Furthermore, there are limited studies on neuropsychological outcomes in children from various racial and ethnic backgrounds with a history of COVID-19. Therefore, longitudinal research, educational interventions, and culturally sensitive clinical practice can help address these disparities and promote better access to care for children affected by COVID-19. |
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