| Abstrakt: |
Background: Weeds in farmland seriously threaten crop yield and cause huge economic losses. Due to the extensive use of chemical herbicides, a series of problems have been arisen, such as environmental pollution, soil degradation and pesticide residues. To assess the herbicidal activity, crop safety, taxonomic identity and infection process of strain HZ-011, the methods of inoculation on detached leaves in vitro and pot plants in vivo, as well as scanning electron microscopy, were used in this study. Results: The results indicated that strain HZ-011 had pathogenic effects on detached leaves of four weeds, including Amaranthus retroflexusLinn., Elsholtzia densaBenth., Malva crispaLinn. and Chenopodium albumLinn. in vitro.Strain HZ-011 also showed high pathogenicity to C. albumand A. retroflexus in vivo,in which the pathogenicity rates were 100%, meaning all plants died after 7 days in the pot test, while the pathogenicity rates for E. splendensand M. crispawere 60.00 and 29.60%, respectively. This strain was safe for local crops, including Vicia fabaLinn., Pisum sativumLinn., Brassica napusLinn., Hordeum vulgareLinn. and Triticum aestivumLinn. Strain HZ-011 was identified as the fungus Botrytis euroamericanabased on its morphology, molecular biology and a constructed phylogenetic tree. The infection process of B. euroamericanaHZ-011 in C. albumwas studied by plant histopathological observations after pathogen infection. This procedure showed that the mycelium of strain HZ-011 invaded C. albumtissues from the stomata, infected and propagated within the tissues, and the spores produced further damage in the C. albumtissues and lesions occurred on the surfaces of C. albumleaves. Conclusion: These tests provide a basis for fungus B. euroamericanaHZ-011 as a potential microbial herbicide. |
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