| Autor: |
Jayakumar, Jikky, Jeevarathinam, G., Sudagar, I. P., Prasath, V. Arun, Singh, Punit, Kumar, S. Dinesh, Pandiselvam, R. |
| Zdroj: |
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery; September 2024, Vol. 14 Issue: 17 p20807-20821, 15p |
| Abstrakt: |
Cardamom, also known as the “Queen of Spices,” is the world’s oldest recognized spice with a high market value for its dried final product. In this work, the drying kinetics of small cardamom (cv. Njallani) has been studied using a solar and a heat pump dryer. Before drying, the produce was pre-treated in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 1%, 2%, and 3%. The treated small cardamom samples are dried as a single and double layer at 40, 45, and 50 °C. The maximum temperature observed inside the solar dryer is 80 °C, resulting in a faster drying rate than the heat pump dryer but poor quality and greenness ((a*) − 0.8 to − 3.25) even after being pre-treated with Na2CO3. The heat pump dryer showed a constant and falling rate drying period at all the temperatures, with the highest drying rate at 50 °C. It required at least 12 h to dry the cardamom samples from 455.5 to 10.2% moisture content as a single layer. The temperature and the bed thickness have the maximum influence on the water activity of dried cardamom (0.54–0.64). A higher greenness value and essential oil percentage are obtained from the small cardamom dried in the heat pump dryer at 45 °C.The COP and SMER are found best at 50 °C. Four different models are used to predict the moisture ratio curve of the dried cardamom, with the quadratic model having the highest R2value. |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink