| Abstrakt: |
Several endophytic fungi have been reported to have produced bioactive metabolites. Some of them, including the Induratiaspecies, have the capacity to emit volatile compounds with antimicrobial properties with broad spectrum against human and plant pathogens. The present study aimed to prospect the Induratiaspecies producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in carqueja plants used in alternative medicine and coffee plants in Brazil. A total of 11 fungal isolates producing volatile metabolites were obtained by a parallel growth technique, using I. alba620 as a reference strain. Phylogenetic relationships revealed the presence of at least three distinct species, I. coffeana, I. yucatanensis, and Induratiasp. SPME/GC/MS analyses of the VOCs in the headspace above the mycelium from Induratiaspecies cultured for 10 days on PDA revealed the volatile profile emitted by I. coffeanaCCF 572, I. coffeanaCOAD 2055, I. yucatanensisCOAD 2062, and Induratiasp. COAD 2059. Volatile organic compounds produced by I. coffeanaisolates presented antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. elegans, A. foetidus, A. flavus, A. tamari, A. tubingensis, A. sydowii, A. niger, A. caespitosus, A. versicolor, and A. expansum, sometimes by decreasing the growth rate or, mainly, by fully inhibiting colony growth. Fifty-eight percent of the target species died after 6 days of exposure to VOCs emitted by I. coffeanaCCF 572. In addition, VOCs emitted by the same fungus inhibited the growth in A. ochraceusinoculated into coffee beans, which indicates that plants which have I. coffeanaas an endophyte may be protected from attacks by this plant pathogen. |
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