| Abstrakt: |
In the catalytic chain of Escherichia coliaspartate transcarbamylase, Tyr240helps stabilize the T-state conformation by an intrachain hydrogen bond to Asp271. Changes in kinetic characteristics of ATCase that result from disruption of this bond by site-specific mutation of Tyr240→ Phe have been investigated by isotopic exchanges at chemical equilibrium. The Tyr240→ Phe (Y240F) mutation caused the rate of the [32P] carbamyl phosphate (C-P) ƻ Pi exchange to decrease by 2–8-fold, without altering the [14C]Asp ƻ N-carbamyl-L-aspartate (C-Asp) rate. The mutation also caused the So.s and Hill nHvalues to decrease in virtually every substrate saturation experiment. Upon increasing the concentrations of the C-P,Pior C-P,C-Asp reactant-product pairs, inhibition effects observed with the C-P ƻ Piexchange for wild-type enzyme were not apparent with the Y240F mutant enzyme. In contrast, upon increasing the concentrations of the Asp,C-Asp and Asp.Pipairs, inhibition effects on C-P ƻ Piobserved with wild-type enzyme became stronger with the Y240F mutant enzyme. These data indicate that the Tyr240→ Phe mutation alters the kinetic mechanism in two different ways: on the reactant side, C-P binding prior to Asp shifts from preferred to compulsory order, and, on the product side, C-Asp and Pirelease changes from preferred to nearly random order. These conclusions were also confirmed on a quantitative basis by computer simulations and fitting of the data, which also produced an optimal set of rate constants for the Y240F enzyme. The Arrhenius plot for wild-type holoenzyme was biphasic, but those for catalytic subunits and Y240F enzyme were linear (monophasic). Taken together, the data indicate that the Tyr240→ Phe mutation destabilizes the T-state and shifts the equilibrium for the T-R allosteric transition toward the R-state by increasing the rate of T → R conversion. |
