| Autor: |
Costanza, Kara K.L., Livingston, William H., Kashian, Daniel M., Slesak, Robert A., Tardif, Jacques C., Dech, Jeffrey P., Diamond, Allaire K., Daigle, John J., Ranco, Darren J., Neptune, Jennifer S., Benedict, Les, Fraver, Shawn R., Reinikainen, Michael, Siegert, Nathan W. |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of Forestry; September 2017, Vol. 115 Issue: 5 p435-446, 12p |
| Abstrakt: |
Black ash (Fraxinus nigraMarsh.) plays a central role in several Native American teachings (including a Wabanaki creation story) and has long been used for basketry, yet relatively little is known about the species' ecology. The recent and ongoing invasion of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire), an invasive beetle killing millions of ash trees in eastern North America, threatens the future of black ash and the centuries-old basketry tradition. In recognition of the precarious state of this cultural keystone species, basketmakers, basket-tree harvesters, and researchers assembled to discuss traditional ecological knowledge and research advancements related to black ash. Here we provide an overview of basket-quality ash, synthesize current knowledge of black ash biology and ecology, and report findings from this successful tribal and scientific collaboration. Management recommendations were developed and future research needs outlined in hopes of sustaining an ecologically important tree species and maintaining a Native American tradition that has cultural and spiritual significance.Management and Policy ImplicationsBiological invasions of nonnative organisms in forested ecosystems can have profound economic and ecological impacts. Black ash is a cultural keystone species in the United States and Canada and is currently threatened by the nonnative emerald ash borer (EAB). A better understanding of black ash biology and ecology in light of this threat will have significant implications for its future management, survival, and continued use as a source of cultural heritage and basketmaking traditions. To address gaps in black ash knowledge that influence basket-quality ash, researchers are encouraged to concentrate efforts on studying the following: stand dynamics across a range of hydrologic regimes; the role of genetics on basket-quality black ash; and EAB population dynamics in infested black ash stands and the effect on regeneration of basket-quality ash. Researchers are also encouraged to collaborate with tribal partners and basketmakers during these studies. Diverse collaboration toward a common cause can result in a synergy of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge that leads to effective and informed management and policy decisionmaking. To that effect, resource managers and policymakers are also encouraged to cooperate with one another to locate, maintain, and manage existing black ash populations, while simultaneously considering accessibility to high-quality black ash trees for cultural and basketmaking traditions, before basket-quality black ash in North America are decimated by the EAB invasion. |
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