Human SNORA31variations impair cortical neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 and underlie herpes simplex encephalitis

Autor: Lafaille, Fabien G., Harschnitz, Oliver, Lee, Yoon Seung, Zhang, Peng, Hasek, Mary L., Kerner, Gaspard, Itan, Yuval, Ewaleifoh, Osefame, Rapaport, Franck, Carlile, Thomas M., Carter-Timofte, Madalina E., Paquet, Dominik, Dobbs, Kerry, Zimmer, Bastian, Gao, Daxing, Rojas-Duran, Maria F., Kwart, Dylan, Rattina, Vimel, Ciancanelli, Michael J., McAlpine, Jessica L., Lorenzo, Lazaro, Boucherit, Soraya, Rozenberg, Flore, Halwani, Rabih, Henry, Benoit, Amenzoui, Naima, Alsum, Zobaida, Marques, Laura, Church, Joseph A., Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Tardieu, Marc, Bousfiha, Ahmed Aziz, Paludan, Søren R., Mogensen, Trine Hyrup, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Tessier-Lavigne, Marc, Smith, Gregory A., Notarangelo, Luigi D., Studer, Lorenz, Gilbert, Wendy, Abel, Laurent, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Zhang, Shen-Ying
Zdroj: Nature Medicine; December 2019, Vol. 25 Issue: 12 p1873-1884, 12p
Abstrakt: Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is typically sporadic. Inborn errors of TLR3- and DBR1-mediated central nervous system cell-intrinsic immunity can account for forebrain and brainstem HSE, respectively. We report five unrelated patients with forebrain HSE, each heterozygous for one of four rare variants of SNORA31, encoding a small nucleolar RNA of the H/ACA class that are predicted to direct the isomerization of uridine residues to pseudouridine in small nuclear RNA and ribosomal RNA. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-introduced bi- and monoallelic SNORA31deletions render human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical neurons susceptible to HSV-1. Accordingly, SNORA31-mutated patient hPSC-derived cortical neurons are susceptible to HSV-1, like those from TLR3- or STAT1-deficient patients. Exogenous interferon (IFN)-β renders SNORA31- and TLR3- but not STAT1-mutated neurons resistant to HSV-1. Finally, transcriptome analysis of SNORA31-mutated neurons revealed normal responses to TLR3 and IFN-α/β stimulation but abnormal responses to HSV-1. Human SNORA31thus controls central nervous system neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 by a distinctive mechanism.
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