| Abstrakt: |
This is the first study to comprehensively analyze the toxicity of Al coagulants, which are widely present in the effluent of water treatment plants and in natural water in the form of polynuclear Al (e.g., nano-Al13) and mononuclear Al (Alm), on the siphoning efficiency, antioxidant defense system and histological alterations of Corbicula fluminea. The results showed that Almhad a stronger inhibitory effect on siphoning than the nano-Al13coagulant. For all the selected enzyme indexes, induction by nano-Al13was more intense in the digestive gland, while that by Almwas more obvious in the gills. Either Almor nano-Al13can enlarge the tubule lumen and reduce the thickness of the epithelia of digestive tubules, but nano-Al13caused more severe damage to the cellular membrane. Inferred from the bright clusters observed by microscopy, granular nano-Al13enters the digestive gland mainly viaswallowing, while gill filtration is another method by which the ionic Almcan enter the clam body. The presence of nano-Al13and inhibition of enzymes associated with GSH, such as GST and GR, led to the damage of cell membranes. For both Al coagulants, the influence of higher concentrations is more negative. As an effective coagulant, the toxicity of PACl cannot be ignored. |
