| Abstrakt: |
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease. The presence of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is frequently detected on skin affected with AD. In this review, we focused on the characteristics of S. aureusstrains isolated from AD skin, particularly the proteins on the cell surface that modulates the interactions between Langerhans cell, keratinocyte, and S. aureus. The skin microbiome plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the skin, and colonization of S. aureusin AD is considered to be deeply involved in the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of skin flares. Colonizing S. aureusstrains in AD harbor different surface proteins at the strain level, which are indicated as clonal complexes. Moreover, the cell wall proteins of S. aureusaffect skin adhesion and induce altered immune responses. S. aureusfrom AD skin (AD strain) exhibits internalization into keratinocytes and induces imbalanced Th1/Th2 adaptive immune responses via Langerhans cells. AD strain-derived cell wall proteins and secreted virulence factors are expected to represent therapeutic targets. In addition, the microbiome on the AD skin surface is associated with skin immunity; thus, microbiome-based immunotherapy, whose mechanism of action completely differs from that of typical steroid ointments, are expected to be developed in the future. |
