| Abstrakt: |
CTGF plays a significant role in the development of renal fibrosis by mediating the fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1and has been shown to be hypoxia inducible in human breast cancer cells. It has been suggested that hypoxia is an important underlying cause for the development of renal fibrosis through the modulation of profibrotic genes. One of the key mediators of the cell's response to lowered oxygen environments is hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which enables cells to adapt to hypoxia by regulating the expression of genes involved in increasing oxygen availability (VEGF, erythropoietin) and enhancing glucose uptake and metabolism (Glut-1, PGK). In this paper, we have used primary tubular epithelial cell cultures from a tetracycline-inducible-Hif-1αknockout murine model to further elucidate the role of Hif-1 in the hypoxic-induction of Ctgfexpression. We show that hypoxia response elements present upstream of Ctgfenable direct interaction of Hif-1 transcription factor with the Ctgfpromoter, resulting in increased transcription of CtgfmRNA. Cells deficient in Hif-1αwere incapable of inducing CtgfmRNA in response to hypoxia, suggesting an absolute requirement of Hif-1. Furthermore, the observed Hif-1-mediated hypoxic stimulation of Ctgfexpression was found to occur independently of TGF-β1signaling. Our findings have important implications for a number of fibrotic disorders in which hypoxia, CTGF, and TGF-β1are involved, including renal, dermal, hepatic, and pulmonary fibrosis. |
