Adrenal Hypertrophy in the Rat as a Function of Probability and Frequency of Punishment

Autor: Ferraro, Douglas P., Schoenfeld, William N., Snapper, Arthur G.
Zdroj: Psychological Reports; June 1967, Vol. 20 Issue: 3 p795-802, 8p
Abstrakt: After training on a regular reinforcement procedure in which a lever-pressing response produced milk reward, each of 16 groups of water-deprived rats was exposed to a different concurrent contingency of regular reinforcement and random interval punishment for 20 experimental sessions. Under the intermittent punishment schedules used, the programmed probability and frequency of response-contingent electric shock were independently manipulated. Autopsies revealed (a) that changes in adrenal weights were about the same (independent of the amount of shock) over a wide range of punishment frequencies and (b) that the amount of adrenal hypertrophy was a decreasing function of shock probability over a range of probabilities from 0.0625 to 1.00.
Databáze: Supplemental Index