Depth utilization by Penguins and Gentoo Penguin dive patterns

Autor: Wilson, Rory P., Culik, Boris, Spairani, Hugo J., Coria, Nestor R., Adelung, Dieter
Zdroj: Journal of Ornithology; January 1991, Vol. 132 Issue: 1 p47-60, 14p
Abstrakt: Time-at-depth data, recorded by animal-attached miniature depth gauges, were examined in 8 Gentoo Penguins. Birds showed two depth utiliuation patterns, (1) decreasing time with increasing depth, which we interpret as due to “bounce-diving” in the pelagic zone and (2) constant time per depth interval down to specific depths where large time peaks were encountered. We interprete this as “flat-bottomed” diving in benthic-foraging birds. Multiple maximum depth data reported in the literature for various penguin species were analysed to try and reconstruct proportional time-at-depth. These results, together with real time-at-depth data, indicated that penguin depth utilization was strongly mass dependent with larger species spending a greater proportion of time in deeper water.
Databáze: Supplemental Index