| Autor: |
Teicher, Beverly A., Disis, Mary L., Emens, Leisha A., Reilly, R. Todd, Jaffee, Elizabeth M. |
| Zdroj: |
Immunotherapy of Cancer; 2006, p331-353, 23p |
| Abstrakt: |
Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and bioactivity of cancer vaccines, but vaccine-induced immune responses have seldom translated into clinically meaningful tumor regressions, particularly in advanced disease. It is increasingly clear that tumor-specific immune tolerance represents a layered system of controls that keep the immune system turned off. Immunoregulatory checkpoints map locoregionally to the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes, and arise from the dynamic interactions between the tumor and the immune system. It is now apparent that cancer vaccines will have to be combined with other therapeutics that abrogate immune tolerance, further amplify vaccine-induced T-cell responses, or modify the tumor microenvironment to make it more conducive to the concerted action of innate and antigen-specific immune effector mechanisms. Here, we review the host-tumor dynamic from the perspective of immune tolerance and review current data supporting the integration of cancer vaccines with standard and novel therapeutic agents that can maximize their activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
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