| Autor: |
Martienssen, W., Heinloth, K., Bandi, A., Specht, M. |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Renewable Energy (9783540429623); 2006, p414-482, 69p |
| Abstrakt: |
This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 6 Renewable carbon-based transportation fuels 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Renewable fuels 6.2.1 Fuel options 6.2.2 Liquid renewable fuels 6.2.2.1 Ethanol 6.2.2.2 Bio-diesel and vegetable oils 6.2.2.3 Bio-methanol 6.2.2.4 Synthetic diesel/gasoline fuels 6.2.2.5 Bio-pyrolysis oils 6.2.3 Gaseous renewable fuels 6.2.3.1 Hydrogen 6.2.3.2 Substitute natural gas (SNG) 6.2.3.3 Dimethyl ether (DME) 6.2.4 Costs and CO2 emissions of renewable fuels 6.2.5 Renewable fuels today 6.2.5.1 Ethanol 6.2.5.2 Bio-diesel 6.2.5.3 Bio-gas 6.3 Technical pathways for renewable fuel generation 6.3.1 Fuels via synthesis gas 6.3.1.1 Synthesis gas production from biomass 6.3.1.2 Directly heated gasifiers 6.3.1.2.1 RENUGAS process 6.3.1.2.2 Carbo-V process 6.3.1.2.3 HTW process 6.3.1.2.4 Texaco process 6.3.1.2.5 Schwarze Pumpe waste-to-methanol process 6.3.1.3 Indirectly heated gasifiers 6.3.1.3.1 MTCI gasification 6.3.1.3.2 DMT indirectly heated steam gasifier 6.3.1.3.3 DM2 staged reforming process 6.3.1.3.4 Indirectly heated, twin fluidized bed, steam gasifier (Battelle/FERCO) 6.3.1.3.5 FICFB gasification 6.3.1.3.6 Wright-Malta process 6.3.1.3.7 Hynol process 6.3.1.3.8 AER process 6.3.1.4 Comparison of gasifiers 6.3.1.5 Gas cleaning 6.3.1.5.1 Particulates 6.3.1.5.2 Tars 6.3.1.5.3 Sulphur compounds 6.3.1.5.4 Nitrogen-containing components 6.3.1.5.5 Alkali compounds 6.3.2 Fuel generation from synthesis gas 6.3.2.1 Methanol synthesis 6.3.2.1.1 Gas-phase methanol synthesis 6.3.2.1.2 Liquid-phase methanol synthesis 6.3.2.1.3 Direct oxidation of methane to methanol 6.3.2.1.4 Methanol synthesis from H2 and CO2 6.3.2.2 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of gasoline and diesel fuels 6.3.2.2.1 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from CO2 and H2 6.3.3 Bio-fuels via fermentation 6.3.3.1 Ethanol production technologies 6.3.3.2 Bio-gas production via anaerobic digestion 6.3.4 Bio-fuels from oil plants 6.3.5 Bio-pyrolysis oil 6.3.6 Further fuel production paths 6.3.6.1 Hydrogen 6.3.6.2 Methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process 6.3.6.3 Synthetic (substitute) natural gas 6.3.6.4 Dimethyl ether (DME) 6.3.6.5 Methanol-to-synfuels (MtSynfuels) process 6.3.6.6 MTBE/ETBE - methyl (ethyl) tertiary butyl ether 6.3.6.7 Higher alcohol synthesis 6.3.6.8 Hydrothermal conversion of biomass 6.3.6.8.1 The HTU process 6.3.6.8.2 Conversion of biomass in supercritical water 6.4 Efficiency of fuel generation 6.4.1 Fuel yield per hectare of agricultural crop land 6.4.2 Energy efficiency of synfuel generation from biomass 6.5 Resources for the production of renewable fuels 6.5.1 Biomass resources 6.5.2 Renewable electricity for fuel generation 6.6 Conclusions / Outlook 6.7 Additional tables 6.7.1 Promising renewable neat fuels and blends for automotive applications 6.7.2 Fuel Properties of selected liquid and gaseous fuels 6.8 Glossary and abbreviations 6.9 References for 6 and internet references [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
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