| Abstrakt: |
The unified test protocol for laboratory formation-damage assessments consists of functional procedures that attempt to standardize formation-damage service projects. Setting functional requirements was preferred above comprehensive equipment specifications and detailed instructions on laboratory work processes. To assess the formation-damage potential of a fluid for drilling or well operations, three sections of the protocol need to be accomplished: Information, Simulation, and Analysis. This paper presents the three sections and discusses the effect of the functional approach. Special emphasis is put on a distinction between well fluids that experience dynamic- and static-filtration regimes, because these require different ways of simulating fluid applications to the rock sample. To provide engineering parameters relevant to field scale and to identify the full range of potential formation-damage mechanisms that may affect the reservoir, analyses on cm, mm, and µm scales are suggested. Minimum requirements to scaleup formation-damage measurements to field scale are presented. Also, an option for full-scope diagnostic formation-damage assessments is demonstrated. Applications of numerical models that have been suggested in earlier research yield return permeability, filtrate-invasion depth, laboratory skin, efficiency of flow, and loss of revenue as parameters to benchmark the formation damage of well fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
