| Abstrakt: |
Reasonable field configuration can improve crop growth environment and increase system yield in intercropping systems. To further improve the field configuration technology for high yield and efficiency in the soybean-maize strip intercropping system in Southwest China, the soybean-maize strip intercropping system was used as the research object, and two factor split zone design was adopted. The effects of two bandwidths of 2.0 m (B1) and 2.4 m (B2) and four plant spacings of 9 cm (P1), 11 cm (P2), 14 cm (P3), and 18 cm (P4) on soybean biomass accumulation, allocation, grain filling, and yield were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of each plant spacing treatment under B2 bandwidth was higher than that of B1, and the two--year average increased by 14.26% compared with B1 under B2. At the same bandwidth, the net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum in B1P4 and B2P4, which increased by 13.57% and 25.21% compared with B1P1 and B2P1 at flowering stage, respectively. The biomass accumulation of soybean population increased and then decreased with the increase of plant spacing under the two bandwidths, and reached the maximum at B1P3 and B2P2, respectively, and B2 increased by 9.82%--22.08% compared with B1 at maturity stage. And the increase of bandwidth and plant spacing promoted the accumulation and transfer of soybean post-flowering matter to grain. Compared with B1, post-flowering dry matter accumulation and dry matter transfer increased by 13.82--28.01% and 13.38%--37.76% under B2 treatment, respectively, and the proportion of grain matter accumulation increased to 41.80%--44.26%. The increase of biomass accumulation improved the grain filling process, and the active grain-filling period (D) of soybean under B2 was extended by 2--3 days compared with B1. The mean grain-filling rate reached its maximum at P4 and increased by 5.80% and 6.58% compared with P1 under the two bandwidths. The yield results showed that, with the increase of bandwidth and plant spacing, the effective plants decreased, and the seeds per plan and 100-seed weight increased in the soybean-maize strip intercropping model. The soybean yield under B2 bandwidth increased by 22.32%--36.87% compared with B1, it reached the maximum in B1P3 and B2P2 under the two bandwidths, respectively, and increased by 17.83%--26.44% and 10.71%--10.76% compared with B1P1 and B2P1 for two years. In summary, the soybean plant spacing of 11 cm at the bandwidth of 2.4 m can effectively improve the post-flowering dry matter accumulation and allocation, promote grain filling, increase the number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight, improve soybean population yield, and achieve the high yield and high efficiency in the soybean-maize intercropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
