| Abstrakt: |
Excessive gingival display, also known as a gummy smile, is a frequent esthetic complaint among orthodontic patients. Etiologic factors can include a combination of maxillary vertical excess, dentoalveolar protrusion, variable tooth proportions with excess gingiva over the buccal surfaces, or hyperactivity of the upper lip in smiling. Therefore, a treatment plan often involves a collaboration among the orthodontist, the periodontist, and the maxillofacial surgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
