| Abstrakt: |
Purpose: development of methodology for individual evaluating special fitness and competitive activity of highly skilled kayakers. Material & Methods: Participants. Fifty six athletes were involved in the tests (mean age 22.78±2.57 years, body mass 84.82±12.90 kg, body height 190.59±7.79 cm; here and below mean values ± standard deviation, M±s.d., are shown). All tested subjects were qualified rowing athletes, the participants and winners of the Ukrainian national and international competitions. Methods. The work included two experimental series. The first one was carried out on a rowing training machine "Concept-2" (USA). This simulator allows the rower to perform movements rather close to those in real rowing; detailed mechanographic characteristics of these movements can be recorded simultaneously. Recording of mechanograms of the movements and EMGs from the involved muscles was performed using a specialized complex "Noraxon's 3D MyoMotion" (Noraxon Inc., USA). Results: The rationality of the rower's movement structure is largely determined by the character of work and interaction of the posterior and anterior bundles of the deltoid muscle, which perform the rower's arm movements during applying both "pulling" and "pushing" efforts. The following causes of individual rowing technique errors significantly affecting sports result were identified: general muscle rigidity, lack of sufficiently complete and timely muscle relaxation; untimely involvement of muscles in work (appearance of mutual activity zones of antagonist muscles); late start of muscle activity (inertial moments of movement of rower's body biolinks are not provided before water entrapment); protracted, too long muscle activity (movement is performed entirely at the expense of muscular activity, without the use of inertial and propelling forces); low speed of muscle engagement in work leading, as a rule, to the "drop" of efforts on the oar. Two groups of athletes with diametrically opposite levels of physical capacity development and one group, which was characterized by their uniform development, were distinguished. Conclusions: All rowers are divided into two groups. The first group is characterized by rational coordination of movements at the beginning of the distance covering and pronounced disturbances in the work dynamics of the muscles of the body turn and the nature of effort applied to the oar at the end of the distance. In the second group, we encounter the opposite phenomenon: with an irrational movement structure at the beginning of the distance, there is a transition of work to a more correct character at the end of its covering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
