| Abstrakt: |
This article describes the history and evolution of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines and International Federation (IF) rules regarding the eligibility of female athletes with sex variations and transgender female athletes to participate in sport at the international and Olympic level. In doing so, this article discusses the Chand and Semenya Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) decisions, which demonstrate a balancing of human rights and competitive equity in sport. This article discusses the 2021 "IOC Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity and Sex Variations" and recommends that a combination of the IOC Framework and tripartite Chand/Semenya CAS legal framework should be used moving forward, as it appropriately balances an athlete's human rights with preserving the competitive equity of sport. Lastly, this article discusses eligibility rules for female athletes with sex variations and transgender female athletes from a U.S. perspective, including how they are used in Olympic sports, professional sports, college sports, and high school sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
