| Abstrakt: |
The relationships between the nature of physical activity and the peculiarity of the formation of the skeleton has beendiscovered by J. Wolff at the end of the XIX century. Wolff's law can be represented by the simplified thesis: 1) bone (and the whole organism) adapts to a certain type of mechanical load; 2)the shape of the bone depends on its function; 3) if the bone is under load, it is restored; if the bone does not receive it -- it dies. Jumping training is widely used to increase strength, speed, power and agility. There is a branch of sports training load, which is based on the shock-jumping method -- plyometrics. Plyometric training has a powerful effect on the daily reproduction of the chemical composition of skeletal bones, tendons, and joints. Plyometric training prevents sprains of ligaments and tendons and strengthens joints. The mechanism of bone destruction and formation, the role of cancellous bones in providing Ca2+to muscles for their contraction and relaxation are considered. The generalized molecular-cellular mechanism of strengthening and growth of bones under the influence of plyometric training is presented.The generalization of the results of experimental studies presented in scientific publications as well as observations of motor activity and training process suggests that the effect of physical activity on bones is realized through at least three routes: 1) pressure perunit surface of the bone, which causes micro-deformations (compression, tension, and twisting); 2) the movement of bone fluid, which is a typeof massage of the network of osteocytes and osteoblasts; 3) the effect of osmotically active increase in the internal pressure of bone fluid on bone cells in the lacunar canal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
