| Abstrakt: |
In spite of requiring invasive implantation procedures, chronic venous catheters offer a number of benefits in biomedical research involving pig: - avoidance of long term or repeated stress due to restraint for venepuncture, - assured delivery of compounds into venous blood, - sampling is always from the same site, - use of large central veins ensures representative samples, in large quantities, - central venous sites allow rapid dilution or bufferng of compounds whcich may potentially irritant, - facilitate long term and infusion studies, Common sites of access to the venous system are jugular vein or its tributaries and the femoral vein. Experience has shown the jugular approach to the cranial vena cava to give superior performance. The presentation will focus on this approach by surgical exposure of the vessel with reference to the potential use of percutaneous introducer sheaths and Seldinger technique which offer reduced invasiveness of catheter insertion. Catheters may be either exteriorised through the skin or attached to a totally implanted vascular access port (VAP). The management of the skin-implant interface with materials such a Dacron velour which favour adherence to the animal's own tissue, obliterating space in which infection may arise and providing anchorage is advocated. Fully implantable pumps for infusion studies may also be used. Catheter related sepsis (CRS) is the chief and most significant complication of chronic vascular access in any species, in the pig, CRS is particularly resistant to therapy in comparison with other species. Methods for prevention of catheter related will be outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
Plný text