| Autor: |
Bruner, Jerome S., Postman, Leo, BRUNER, J S, POSTMAN, L |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Journal of Personality; Dec49, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p206-223, 18p |
| Abstrakt: |
There have been very few systematic efforts to analyze the dimensions of set and to formulate laws regarding the effectiveness of set in perception such as those, which describe stimulus-perception relationships. The present study, though empirical in nature, is essentially an essay in the theory of perception, or at least that part of the theory of perception, which deals with directive, factors in the perceiving process. The basic axiom that has been discussed is that perceiving is a process, which results from the stimulation of a prepared or "eingesteltt" organism. A second axiom concerns the operation of such directive factors given a stimulus input of certain characteristics, directive processes in the organism operate to organize the perceptual field in such a way as to maximize percepts relevant to current needs and expectations and to minimize percepts inimical to such needs and expectations. This "minimax" axiom has been referred to elsewhere as the construction-defense balance in perceiving. The major conclusion is simply a reaffirmation of the general statement that perceptual organization is powerfully determined by expectations built upon past commerce with the environment. When the environment violates such expectations, the perceiver's behavior can be described as resistance to the recognition of the unexpected or incongruous. |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
