| Abstrakt: |
Education plays a vital role in socio-economic development of a country and particularly primary education is the foundation for it. Primary education is the first five years education in the life of a human being, which plays a significant role in personality formation and development. This study was confined by the factors adversely affecting the progress of primary education in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were to analyze the non-availability of required facilities of primary education as an obstacle in the way of primary education, to identify the financial factor affecting progress of primary education, to explore the administrative obstacles of primary education, to find out the harsh attitude of teachers and to assess the socio-cultural obstacles of primary education. Perhaps few researches have been carried out on this vital issue of primary education in Pakistan. Due to time and resources constraints, the researcher selected 400 teachers, 400 parents and 800 students from 400 selected government primary schools in the rural areas of districts Charsadda, Dir upper, Manshera and Kohat on the basis of random sample technique. Questionnaires were used for all teachers and educated parents while for students and illiterate parents' interview schedule was utilized as tool of data collection. The questionnaires were administered and data was collected from the relevant respondents. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using percentage, Chi square and ANOVA. The study revealed that there were financial problems, non-availability of infrastructure facilities, ignorance of parents, poor interest of students, socio-cultural constraints, poverty, lack of awareness about education, low salaries and low status of primary school teachers, child labor, no association between parents and teachers, corporal punishment, political interference, poor evaluation, poor check and balance of teacher's performances, high student - teacher ratio, poor administration, and traditional curriculum were the hindrances in the way of primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
