Explaining low mortality among US immigrants relative to native-born Americans: the role of smoking.
Autor: | Blue, Laura, Fenelon, Andrew |
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Předmět: |
IMMIGRANTS
MORTALITY PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco LUNG cancer SMOKING HEALTH of minorities TOBACCO use among Native Americans STATISTICS STATISTICS on Hispanic Americans AGE distribution COMPARATIVE studies DATABASES INDIGENOUS peoples LIFE expectancy LUNG tumors RESEARCH methodology MEDICAL cooperation RESEARCH RESEARCH funding RISK assessment SEX distribution SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) WHITE people EVALUATION research HEALTH equity CROSS-sectional method |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Epidemiology; Jun2011, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p786-793, 8p |
Abstrakt: | Background In many developed countries, immigrants live longer—that is, have lower death rates at most or all ages—than native-born residents. This article tests whether different levels of smoking-related mortality can explain part of the ‘healthy immigrant effect’ in the USA, as well as part of the related ‘Hispanic paradox’: the tendency for US Hispanics to outlive non-Hispanic Whites.Methods With data from vital statistics and the national census, we calculate lung cancer death rates in 2000 for four US subpopulations: foreign-born, native-born, Hispanic and non-Hispanic White. We then use three different methods—the Peto–Lopez method, the Preston–Glei–Wilmoth method and a novel method developed in this article—to generate three alternative estimates of smoking-related mortality for each of the four subpopulations, extrapolating from lung cancer death rates. We then measure the contribution of smoking-related mortality to disparities in all-cause mortality.Results Taking estimates from any of the three methods, we find that smoking explains >50% of the difference in life expectancy at 50 years between foreign- and native-born men, and >70% of the difference between foreign- and native-born women; smoking explains >75% of the difference in life expectancy at 50 years between US Hispanic and non-Hispanic White men, and close to 75% of the Hispanic advantage among women.Conclusions Low smoking-related mortality was the main reason for immigrants’ and Hispanics’ longevity advantage in the USA in 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] |
Databáze: | Complementary Index |
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