| Autor: |
Standing, Lionel, Bond, Barbara, Smith, Philip, Isely, Catherine |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
British Journal of Psychology; Nov1980, Vol. 71 Issue 4, p525, 15p |
| Abstrakt: |
The immediate memory span for eight types of material was measured, using 24 subjects, and various possible predictor variables were recorded. Span size for individual subjects was most highly correlated (r = -0.75) with their time-scores on a subvocalization task; it appeared essentially unrelated to subject variables such as age, IQ, echoic memory and longer-term memory. Span sizes for the different materials were also highly correlated with the mean subvocalization times found for these stimuli (r = -0.90), although the information content of the materials also appeared influential. Together, subvocalization rate and information content accounted for 98 per cent of the observed variance in span size across materials. A second experiment indicated that span size and subvocalization time were both unaffected by alcohol, while a third study indicated that span was decreased, and subvocalization time increased proportionately, by testing in a bilingual subject's second language. The data of all three experiments suggest that the span for a given type of material corresponds approximately to the number of items that the subject can subvocalize silently or in whispers in a fixed time interval (about 1.8 s or 2.2 s respectively, although these variable are not constant across experiments). The results are interpreted as being consistent with a verbal-loop process in short-term memory, such that more items are maintained in storage if they can be circulated rapidly through this loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
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