Estimation of the distribution of intramuscular current during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle.

Autor:	Petrofsky, Jerrold, Prowse, Michelle, Bain, Melanie, Ebilane, Elaine, Hye Jin Suh, Batt, Jennifer, Lawson, Daryl, Hernandez, Viviana, Abdo, Armia, Tien-ning Yang, Mendoza, Enrique, Collins, Kelly, Laymon, Michael, Suh, Hye Jin, Yang, Tien-Ning
Předmět:	ELECTRIC stimulation QUADRICEPS muscle MUSCLE strength EXERCISE PHYSICAL therapy PHYSIOLOGY BIOLOGICAL transport CLINICAL trials COMPARATIVE studies ELECTRODES ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS RESEARCH methodology MEDICAL cooperation MUSCLE contraction RESEARCH PILOT projects EVALUATION research INNERVATION EQUIPMENT & supplies
Zdroj:	European Journal of Applied Physiology; Jun2008, Vol. 103 Issue 3, p265-273, 9p, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs
Abstrakt:	Electrical stimulation is commonly used for strengthening muscle but little evidence exists as to the optimal electrode size, waveform, or frequency to apply. Three male and three female subjects (22-40 years old) were examined during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle. Two self adhesive electrode sizes were examined, 2 cm x 2 cm and 2 cm x 4 cm. Electrical stimulation was applied with square and sine waveforms, currents of 5, 10 and 15 mA, and pulse widths of 100-500 micros above the quadriceps muscle. Frequencies of stimulation were 20, 30, and 50 Hz. Current on the skin above the quadriceps muscle was measured with surface electrodes at five positions and at three positions with needle electrodes in the same muscle. Altering pulse width in the range of 100-500 micros, the frequency over a range of 20-50 Hz, or current from 5 to 15 mA had no effect on current dispersion either in the skin or within muscle. In contrast, the distance separating the electrodes caused large changes in current dispersion on the skin or into muscle. The most significant finding in the present investigation was that, while on the surface of the skin current dispersion was not different between sine and square wave stimulation, significantly more current was transferred deep in the muscle with sine versus square wave stimulation. The use of sine wave stimulation with electrode separation distances of less then 15 cm is recommended for electrical stimulation with a sine wave to achieve deep muscle stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáze:	Complementary Index
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu Full text from SpringerLink