| Abstrakt: |
The article presents research reviews in science education under the category of learning and teaching. Research studies on learning and teaching cover intellectual development, conceptual development and functional model approaches. Findings of research for intellectual development model are categorized into concrete tasks, spatial ability, probabilistic reasoning, and concrete or formal operations. Studies using cognitive or conceptual approach to instruction is categorized into semantic, information processing, and experimental. The functional model is classified into general studies, aptitude-treatment-interactions studies, language, personal attributes, process skills and problem solving, teacher intervention strategies, and instructional systems. |
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