| Autor: |
Grégoire, Jean-Claude, Bonte, Jochem, Bourke, Andy, Cocos, Dragos, Fielding, Nick, Gohli, Jostein, Inward, Daegan, Klapwijk, Maartje, Nikolov, Christo, Økland, Bjørn, Schroeder, Martin, Spaans, Florentine, Vakula, Jozef, Blake, Max, De Andrade Moral, Rafael, Destefanis, Maria, Griffin, Christine, Kunca, Andrej, Murchie, Archie, Ryan, Cathal |
| Zdroj: |
Entomologia Generalis; 2024, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1539-1575, 17p |
| Abstrakt: |
Six species of Ips de Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae) occur in Europe. They attack weakened or dead conifers but may become aggressive and mass-attack living trees. All species have expanded their ranges in Europe since the late 19th century. Here, we analyse the patterns of this spread and discuss the factors at play. Starting with an assessment of distribution changes of the insects and of their host trees since the nineteenth century, we describe how and, when known, why territorial changes occurred in Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland), Central Europe (Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Germany), the Netherlands, Belgium and Great Britain. Based on these country narratives, we discuss the conditions for, and causes of, territorial expansion. A necessary condition is the presence of host trees of vulnerable ages and sizes, resulting from the post-glaciation expansion of host range. Population changes and territorial expansion are influenced by environmental or anthropic drivers: climatic events (droughts and storms), silvicultural practices and trade. Three main factors favour or hamper the response of the different species to these drivers: active and passive flight capacity, dispersal upon emergence and response to pheromones after take-off, and pre-dispersal mating. These criteria enable identification of differences in the invasive capacities of the six species. In particular, Ips typographus appears to be a poor invader worldwide because of its wide dispersal upon emergence and its delayed response to pheromones. Finally, we discuss the risks to the Irish forests so far uncolonised by Ips species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
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