| Abstrakt: |
Simple Summary: Microbiota in the chicken gastrointestinal tract affect the elemental composition of the chicken's body through macro, trace and toxic element availability and absorption, as well as competition with the host biogenic elements. The current study presents a meta-analysis of the detailed relationship between the composition of 25 essential and toxic elements in chicken tissues examined by ICP-MS and the gut microbial community analyzed using NGS techniques. The examination of chicken liver and meat revealed typical elemental compositions, called the "elementomes" (α, β, γ), which were generally stratified, not continuous. An in-depth broiler chicken cecal microbiome analysis revealed nine bacterial phyla, divided into 16 classes, 26 orders, represented by 62 families and, at the lowest taxonomic level, including 130 genera. Following characterization of the microbiomes' structure, there were two distinct enterotypes indicated, designated "microbiome patterns". This article provides the first description of the multiple strong associations between the gut microbial community and the body elemental composition of broiler chickens. This insight proposes a novel strategy to improve deficiency or excess of certain elements in the host by gut microbiome modulation, which needs to be verified with further in vivo experiments. The current study presents a meta-analysis of the detailed relationship between the composition of 25 essential and toxic elements in chicken tissues examined by ICP-MS and the gut microbial community analyzed using NGS techniques. The examination of chicken liver and meat revealed typical elemental compositions, called the "elementomes". The α-elementomes showed high contents of macro elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P), majority trace elements (Sr, Se, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and some toxic elements (B, Pb, Ni, Cd); β-elementomes indicated accumulation of Si, V and Cr; γ-elementomes indicated accumulation of Al, As and Hg. Characterization of the microbiomes' structure showed two distinct enterotypes, designated "microbiome patterns"; the first was enriched in the phylum Bacteroidota, and the second was dominated by Bacillota and coupled with members of the phyla Actinomycetota, Cyanobacteriota and Thermodesulfobacteriota. A comparison of elementomes and microbiomes demonstrated a clear correspondence between the α- and γ-elementomes belonging to the Bacteroidota-enriched pattern, while the β-elementome was predominantly found in chicken groups belonging to the Bacillota + ACT pattern. This insight proposes a novel strategy to improve deficiency or excess of certain elements in the host by gut microbiome modulation, which needs to be verified with further in vivo experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
