| Abstrakt: |
Ecosystem services are a modern tool of environmental assessment, planning, and design, especially in large cities. The top layer (0–10 cm) of soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols) was sampled in urban forest parks of Moscow (Aleshkino, Bitsa, Lesnaya experimental dacha, Troparevo, Lianozovo, and Yugo-Zapadny) and suburban (background) forests. In total, 30 samples (6 × 5 plots) were taken in forest parks and 20 samples (4 × 5 plots) in background areas, altogether 50 samples. The contents of carbon (C); nitrogen (N); phosphorus (P); heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn); nitrate nitrogen (N– ); and C, N, and P in microbial biomass (Cmic, Nmic, and Pmic), basal (microbial) respiration were determined. The portion of Cmic, Nmic, and Pmic in the total contents of these elements in soil (Cmic/C, Nmic/N, and Pmic/P) were calculated. We suggest that the values of basal respiration, Cmic/C, Nmic/N, and Pmic/P characterizing the cycles of biophilic elements in the soil may be associated with supporting ecosystem services whereas soil pollution (heavy metals and N– ), with ecosystem disservice. The basal respiration, Cmic/C, Nmic/N, and Pmic/P in the soils of each studied forest park were, on average, by 4–72% lower as compared with the background analogues, whereas the contents of Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and N– were by 14–194% higher. According to the listed characteristics in integral index of soil (IIS, scores) is proposed to quantify their ecological state. This index in forest parks is by 32–72% lower as compared with the background analogues (IIS = 1) and reaches its maximum (0.68) in the Bitsa forest park (2208 ha) and minimum (0.28) in the Lianozovo park (44 ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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