| Abstrakt: |
Over the past decade, mineral-related bone healing has gained growing attraction for the fabrication of smart novel scaffolds that can enhance bone regeneration. Among them, metallic ion-based therapeutics provide promising effects due to their roles in cellular metabolism, multiple signaling pathways, enzymatic reactions, and modulating cell survival. The physiological effects of these ions may vary depending on the type of ion carrier and the biomaterial matrices used. According to the PubMed database including the year 2023, an increasing number of publications on the effects of four metallic ions; Magnesium (41), Zinc (23), Strontium (20), and Copper (11) in bone regeneration have been made visible, reflecting the growing interest in the field. Additionally, the beneficial effects of the preferred metallic ions-loaded biomaterials have specificities on bone regeneration through multiple pathways. Mentioned trace elements (Magnesium, Zinc, and Strontium) activate the WNT pathway dedicated to osteogenic differentiation. Further antibacterial effects are also required for bone regeneration in biomaterial approaches. Copper is a good candidate for providing antibacterial efficacy. The main concern is the safety application of ions in a nontoxic dose-dependent manner. Polymer-based bioactive materials with ions showed great hope in bone tissue engineering due to the biocompatibility, ECM mimicking, and slow biodegradability of polymer matrices. Here we summarized the most common ions related to bone healing and used for bone tissue engineering with polymeric materials and compared them with other substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
