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[Objective] Incorporating contemporary research issues into educational curricula is essential in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This study is designed to integrate the emerging topic of "novel fertilizers" with the fundamental theories of soil science and fertilizer resource development. In particular, this study explores the efficacy of biochar-based zinc fertilizers in increasing the zinc content in rice grains, an essential micronutrient that is often deficient in common diets. Biochar, as a carbon-rich product derived from the pyrolysis of organic materials, is used in this experiment as a carrier for zinc to enhance the soil microenvironment around rice roots, facilitating the uptake of zinc into the rice plants. [Methods] This experiment involved the preparation of biochar-enriched zinc fertilizers and their application to rice paddy fields. The biochar was derived from wheat straw pyrolyzed at 600°C, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) were loaded onto the biochar using zinc acetate as a precursor. XRD and SEM analyses confirmed the successful loading of nZnO onto the biochar surface. The pot experiment included eight treatments: (1) no biochar and nZnO (T1), (2) 20 t/ha biochar (T2), (3) 100 kg/ha nZnO (0.5%nZnO, T3), (4) 20 t/ha biochar + 100 kg/ha nZnO (BC+0.5%nZnO, T4), (5) 200 kg/ha nZnO (1.0%nZnO, T5), (6) 20 t/ha biochar + 200 kg/ha nZnO (BC+1.0%nZnO, T6), (7) 200 kg/ha nZnO (2.0%nZnO, T7), and (8) 20 t/ha biochar + 200 kg/ha nZnO (BC+2.0%nZnO, T8). Students measured rice growth, yield, and nutrient content in the plants and grains, analyzing zinc fertilizer utilization and the impact of biochar-based nano-zinc on soil nutrients. The subsequent analyses focused on the bioavailability of zinc in the rhizosphere, i.e., the root zone of the plants. [Results] The results from this study indicate that the application of biochar-based zinc significantly improved the nutrient availability within the rhizosphere. The study observed that the concentration of available zinc in the root soils markedly increased, which, in turn, promoted the accumulation of zinc in both the rice plants and the harvested grains. This increment in zinc content is crucial, considering the role of zinc in enhancing immune function and overall human health. Further analysis confirmed that biochar-based nano-zinc exerted a considerable impact on the microenvironment of the root zone, modifying physical and chemical soil properties in a manner conducive to nutrient uptake. Statistical analysis employing advanced software tools supported these findings, demonstrating a clear trend of enhanced zinc accumulation due to the novel fertilizer application. [Conclusions] This study not only confirms the potential of biochar as an effective carrier for micronutrients like zinc but also illustrates the transformative impact of integrating innovative agricultural inputs with traditional farming practices. Through this study, students engaged in soil science, plant nutrition, agricultural chemical analysis, and related disciplines can enhance their ability to apply theoretical knowledge in analyzing and solving real-world agricultural challenges. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant potential for novel zinc-enriched biochar fertilizers to improve crop micronutrient density. This approach not only addresses the global challenge of micronutrient deficiencies in diets but also offers a sustainable and efficient strategy for resource utilization in agriculture. The experiment thus serves as a valuable model for educational practices, fostering a deeper understanding and practical skills among students in the field of agricultural science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
