| Abstrakt: |
The article describes the development of the history of the study of science "University education and academic writing". Three periods are conventionally distinguished, which demonstrate the gradual progress of the formation of this doctrine. The first stage (up to the ХVIII century) -- in the Middle Ages, universities developed as centers of preservation and transmission of knowledge in the fields of theology, medicine, and law. Over time, church universities were replaced by state universities that had a greater level of autonomy and independence from church authorities. The period when the Catholic and Protestant churches begin to compete for control of the universities. During this period, university education became more secular, and states began to play an important role in the funding and management of universities. The main emphasis was on the development of speaking skills, critical thinking and general education, without clearly defined standards of academic writing. The second stage (XVIII-XX centuries) - during this period, the courses taught at universities are expanded, new specialties appear, universities become more accessible to the general mass of people, and not only to the elite. Also, during this period, the development of mass higher education takes place, new methods of learning and research appear, new technologies and means of communication appear. During this period, the importance of research activities in the university environment is growing. The study of academic writing becomes more systematic, the first courses and textbooks on this subject appear. The third stage (after the ХХ century) -- at this stage, large-scale reforms of university education are carried out in order to improve its quality and efficiency. In particular, educational programs are being reformed, the latest learning and knowledge assessment technologies are being introduced, and the structure of university institutions and their management is changing. Particular attention is paid to the development of research activities, in particular, the introduction of innovative technologies, the creation of research centers and laboratories. The importance of the development of computer technology and digital media is increasing, which affects the ways of learning and the practice of academic writing. Special attention is paid to the development of critical thinking, communication and data analysis skills in the context of modern challenges in science and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
