| Abstrakt: |
The article examines the process of formation and operation of the State Senate of the Ukrainian State in 1918 on the basis of archival materials. It is noted that at the initial stage of its activity, the highest judicial body of the Ukrainian State was the General Court, which was established during the period of the Central Rada. P. Skoropadskyi questioned the expediency of establishing the General Court and subsequently passed a law establishing the State Senate as the highest court in the judicial system of the Ukrainian State. The scope of the State Senate's competence and the procedure for proceedings were largely regulated by the legislation of the former Russian Empire. The highest judicial body consisted of senators and the President of the Senate. The State Senate was divided into administrative, civil and criminal general courts. The law established qualification requirements for candidates for the position of senator, including a law degree and at least 15 years of work experience. Senators were prohibited from holding positions in the executive branch, but in practice there were cases of combining positions. They were allowed to engage in teaching activities. All senators and presidents of general courts were appointed by order of P. Skopopadskyi on the proposal of the Minister of Justice. If a criminal case was initiated against a senator, he was temporarily suspended from performing his duties. It was found that a significant number of former judges of the General Court were appointed to the State Senate. In general, the highest judicial body is staffed by qualified professionals. The language of official business documents in the State Senate was both Russian and Ukrainian. In some cases, office work was conducted in both languages in parallel. Sometimes only Russian was used. To ensure the successful functioning of the State Senate, the staff of the chancellery was approved. All documents of the State Senate were duly registered. The structure of the offices of the general courts was determined by temporary instructions approved by the prosecutors of the respective courts. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author establishes the number of criminal, civil and administrative cases which were submitted to the State Senate and which were resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
