| Abstrakt: |
The ultimate yield of the plant is influenced by diverse metabolic and biochemical factors that are regulated by gene expression. This experiment aimed to investigate the association between the expression of specific genes before and up to 2 weeks after pollination, and the yield of offshoot and tissue culture Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhi plants. The pollination of offshoot and tissue culture date palms occurred using Red Ghanami pollen, Green Ghanami pollen, and a combination of Green Ghanami and Red Ghanami pollen (50:50). This pollination process was conducted based on a factorial design within a randomized complete block design, with three replications. In order to assess the matter, the relative expression levels of the following genes were investigated using qRT-PCR method. The genes under scrutiny were HAC 1, ANM, TFC, HOX 9, GLO 1, and DEF 1. At the conclusion of study, the fruit yield was assessed after 180 days following the pollination process. The findings indicated that tissue culture palms exhibited lower fruit yield but higher relative gene expression across all pollen treatments, in comparison to offshoot palms. The relative expression of all six examined genes exhibited a significant increase in all treatments 2 weeks after pollination. Two weeks following all examined treatments, the GLO gene exhibited the highest expression, while the HAC gene displayed the lowest relative expression. The analysis of the relationship between yield and gene expression at the three investigated time points indicated that the HOX gene had an insignificant impact on flowering and yield. The correlation results underscored the prominent role of these genes in various growth stages and yield of date palms, as they influenced each other's expression. In conclusion, it is possible to enhance the yield of tissue culture date palms by modulating gene expression during specific stages based on their functions. Although precise identification of genes related to fruit formation, clarification of the causes of parthenocarpy and examination of possible solutions require genome sequencing of Barhi date palm tissue cultures and offshoots using NGS and RNA-seq techniques.Key message: This study investigated the relationship between specific gene expression and yield in Barhi date palms, revealing that tissue culture palms had lower yields but higher gene expression than offshoots after pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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