| Abstrakt: |
Identifying sources of air pollution exposure is crucial for addressing their health impacts and associated inequities. Researchers have developed modeling approaches to resolve source‐specific exposure for application in exposure assessments, epidemiology, risk assessments, and environmental justice. We explore six source‐specific air pollution exposure assessment approaches: Photochemical Grid Models (PGMs), Data‐Driven Statistical Models, Dispersion Models, Reduced Complexity chemical transport Models (RCMs), Receptor Models, and Proximity Exposure Estimation Models. These models have been applied to estimate exposure from sources such as on‐road vehicles, power plants, industrial sources, and wildfires. We categorize these models based on their approaches for assessing emissions and atmospheric processes (e.g., statistical or first principles), their exposure units (direct physical measures or indirect measures/scaled indices), and their temporal and spatial scales. While most of the studies we discuss are from the United States, the methodologies and models are applicable to other countries and regions. We recommend identifying the key physical processes that determine exposure from a given source and using a model that sufficiently accounts for these processes. For instance, PGMs use first principles parameterizations of atmospheric processes and provide source impacts exposure variability in concentration units, although approaches within PGMs for source attribution introduce uncertainties relative to the base model and are difficult to evaluate. Evaluation is important but difficult—since source‐specific exposure is difficult to observe, the most direct evaluation methods involve comparisons with alternative models. Plain Language Summary: Air pollution sources lead to adverse health impacts and inequities. To better understand these effects, researchers have created various models to quantify air pollution exposure from specific sources. These models are used in studies that look at the health effects of pollution, help assess risks, and address environmental justice issues. We identified six types of models used to estimate exposure from pollution sources like cars, power plants, factories, and wildfires. The models use different approaches to approximate the physical processes that dictate exposure. They also vary in the exposure metrics they produce—some use concentration units, while others rely on indirect indices. Researchers should consider and state explicitly what information might be gained or lost depending on which model they use. Evaluating these models is important but can be challenging, as it often requires comparing results with other models, which can be time‐consuming and resource‐intensive. Key Points: Six source‐specific air pollution exposure assessment approaches are identifiedEvaluation methods are recommended for source‐specific exposure modelsExamples of exposure assessment applications in health studies are provided [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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