| Abstrakt: |
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the major threats to global food security and a significant challenge in cereal production especially in rice, leading to yield loss and reduced grain quality. PHS is the germination of immature grain within the mother plant before harvest due to prolonged rainfall and high humidity leads to heavy losses occur economic and yield in rice. PHS is influenced by various factors, including environment, seed traits, phytohormones and metabolites, which play crucial role. However, information related to metabolic profiling in the rice is scarce. This study compares the biochemical factors between PHS tolerant and susceptible rice variety to understand the mechanisms underlying seed dormancy and germination. Thus, we applied HPLC and GCMS based hormonal and metabolite profiles of two contrasting rice varieties, Aruvatham Kuruvai (PHS tolerant) and CO 54 (PHS susceptible). The phytohormones, Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA) regulate seed dormancy and germination. The PHS tolerant variety has 17.3% increase of ABA content and 12.7% decrease GA content over susceptible variety which inhibits seed germination before harvest. In total, 155 metabolites involved in the PHS through metabolic profiling. The tolerant variety has 6 metabolites including a tagatofuranose, serine, carotene, pyroglutamic acid, glucopyranose, and monooleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether which regulates the delay of seed germination. The metabolites influencing PHS in susceptible are uridine, dopamine, tagatose and Galactopyranose. The simple sugar content like glucose, fructose and myo-inositol increases lead to seed germination before harvest and occurs PHS. The sugar compounds present in the metabolic profiling are separated and compounds like sucrose, sorbitol, and maltose influencing and controlling PHS in rice was analysed through metabolic pathway. To overcome the PHS in rice, the tolerant variety of PHS used as the donor for developing PHS resistant variety and increase the productivity. The findings suggest that the tolerant variety, Aruvatham Kuruvai, identified in this study, could serve as a valuable donor for breeding programs aimed at enhancing PHS resistance in rice, thereby contributing to stable crop yields and improved grain quality under humid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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